Application On Grid (Self consumption / On Grid + Backup) and Off Grid
Key NOTES about Lithium-ion battery
Which is better lithium battery or lead acid battery?
Lead-acid is a tried-and-true technology that costs less up front, but requires regular maintenance and doesn?t last as long with a shorter lifespan. Lithium is a premium battery technology with a longer lifespan, higher efficiency and they are maintenance-free, but you?ll pay more money for the boost in performance which pays out at the end of the day.
The 5 Most Significant Differences Between Lead-Acid and Lithium Batteries
Cycle life
One charge cycle is when you deplete a battery (use it to power your appliances) and then charge it again with your panels. We don?t count years when we talk about battery life; instead, we count how many cycles they can take before they die.
Consider it similar to putting miles on a car. When determining the condition of a used car, mileage is far more important than the year of manufacture.
The same may be said for batteries and how many times they?ve been cycled. A sealed lead-acid battery in a vacation house may go through 100 cycles in four years, whereas the same battery in a full-time residence may go through 300+ cycles in a year. The one that has completed 100 cycles is in considerably better condition.
Cycle life is also a function of depth of discharge (how much capacity you use before recharging a battery). Deeper discharges put more stress on the battery, which shortens its cycle life.
Depth of Discharge
The amount of overall capacity used before recharging the battery is referred to as discharge depth. If you consume a quarter of your battery?s capacity, for example, the depth of discharge is 25%.
When you use a battery, it does not entirely discharge. Instead, they have a recommended depth of discharge, which tells you how much you may use before having to refill them.
Lead-acid batteries should only be discharged to 50% of their capacity. You risk shortening their lives if you go beyond that limit.
Lithium batteries, on the other hand, can withstand deep discharges of up to 80%. This just indicates that they have a larger useful capacity.
Efficiency
Lithium batteries are more efficient than other types of batteries. As a result, more of your solar energy is retained and utilized.
Lead acid batteries, for example, are only 80-85% efficient depending on the brand and condition. That means that if you have 1,000 watts of solar power streaming into the batteries, after the charging and discharging process, you?ll only have 800-850 watts accessible.
Lithium batteries have a high efficiency of over 95%. You?d have over 950 watts of electricity available in the same scenario.
Your batteries will charge faster if they are more efficient. It may also mean purchasing fewer solar panels, less battery capacity, and a smaller backup generator, depending on the configuration of your system.
Charge Rate
For lithium batteries, higher efficiency means a faster rate of charging. Because they can tolerate more current from the charger, they can be replaced considerably faster than lead-acid batteries.
Charge rate is expressed as a fraction, such as C/5, where C is the battery?s capacity in amp hours (Ah). So, if you charge a 430 Ah battery at C/5, you?ll get 86 charging amps (430/5).
The amount of charge current that lead-acid batteries can handle is limited, mostly because they will overheat if charged too quickly. Furthermore, as you approach full capacity, the charge rate slows significantly.
During the bulk phase, lead acid batteries can charge to roughly C/5 (up to 85 percent capacity). After that, the battery charger slows down to fully charge the batteries. As a result, lead acid batteries take longer to charge, often more than twice as long.
Energy Density
Both of the lead-acid batteries in the comparison weigh roughly 125 pounds. The lithium battery is 192 pounds in weight.
Most installers can tolerate the added weight, but lithium batteries may be more difficult to install for DIYers. It?s a good idea to enlist some assistance with lifting and moving them into position.
However, there is a cost: lithium batteries have a significantly higher energy density than lead-acid batteries, which means they can put more storage capacity into a smaller size.
As you can see in the example, two lithium batteries are required to power a 5.13 kW system, whereas eight lead-acid batteries would be required. Lithium is less than half the weight of lead when the full battery bank is considered.
If you need to be creative with how you mount your battery bank, this can be a huge help. If you?re putting up a fence,
Which Is Better: Lithium or Lead-Acid Batteries?
Lithium and lead-acid batteries have equivalent life-cycle costs, although lithium requires a much larger initial expenditure. We would recommend Lithium-ion once you utilize your system every day or regularly, which in the Nigerian context is applicable.
But let?s say your village house Ideally, you will only use those batteries once a year (a few times you visit the area with the unreliable power grid). They won?t see enough use for you to invest into lithium, go with SLA, which (again) don?t require upkeep.